CODEX Entry 6500: PRP Centrifuge
Preparing platelet rich plasma (PRP) from whole blood requires centrifugation to isolate and concentrate platelets and leukocytes. Blood is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma and platelets. Stratified blood forms into three distinct layers, with the heaviest sinking to the bottom; red blood cells at the base, white blood cells and platelets in a thin layer, then platelet poor plasma on top.
Centrifugation accelerates the process and isolates platelets using radial force. Centrifuges must be cooled, with minimum vibration, and gradual g-force changes, to reduce friction induced temperature increases, and consequential cell damage, the goal being to enhance platelet activation and the release of alpha granules. Seven fundamental protein growth factors, that are actively secreted by platelets, initiate all wound healing processes. Three additional cell adhesion molecules activate an intracellular signal protein that cause cellular proliferation, provoking tissue regeneration. The multi-staged process results in platelet pellets. Proliferation of endothelial cells and angiogenesis peak at around 1,300,000 platelets/mL. A 4 litre venous blood draw will yield 300ml of PRP, and an anticoagulant is used to prevent activation prior to use.